What causes hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

What causes hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) causes a functional gastric outlet obstruction as a result of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the muscular layers of the pylorus. In infants, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction and the most common surgical cause of vomiting.

What is a hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is blockage of the passage out of the stomach due to thickening (hypertrophy) of the muscle at the junction between the stomach and the intestines.

What is the treatment of choice for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Surgery is needed to treat pyloric stenosis. The procedure (pyloromyotomy) is often scheduled on the same day as the diagnosis. If your baby is dehydrated or has an electrolyte imbalance, he or she will have fluid replacement before surgery.

What happens in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is blockage of the passage out of the stomach due to thickening (hypertrophy) of the muscle at the junction between the stomach and the intestines. The thickened muscle creates a partial blockage (obstruction) that interferes with the passage of stomach contents into the small intestine.

Which is the best definition of Congenital pyloric stenosis?

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis GI disease A narrowing of the gastric outlet into the duodenum due to thickening of pyloric muscle, which controls gastric flow to the duodenum; PS is common in ♂; Sx appear shortly after birth. McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine.

What does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ( HPS ) mean?

Dr Bahman Rasuli and Dr Behrang Amini et al. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) refers to the idiopathic thickening of gastric py­loric musculature which then results in progressive gastric outlet obstruction.

Can a child with pyloric stenosis have surgery?

The condition, which affects infants during the first several weeks of life, can be corrected effectively with surgery. Frequent vomiting may be an indication of pyloric stenosis. The pylorus is the passage between the stomach and the small intestine.

When to report hypertrophic pyloric stenosis after birth?

Macrolide antibiotics Erythromycin and azithromycin are associated with a higher risk of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, especially when administered within 2 weeks after birth. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with macrolide antibiotics should be reported to the Food and Drug Administration.

What are the signs of pyloric stenosis?

Signs of pyloric stenosis usually appear within three to five weeks after birth. Pyloric stenosis is rare in babies older than 3 months. Signs include: Vomiting after feeding. The baby may vomit forcefully, ejecting breast milk or formula up to several feet away (projectile vomiting).

What is the etiology of pyloric stenosis?

The causes of pyloric stenosis are unknown, but genetic and environmental factors might play a role. Pyloric stenosis usually isn’t present at birth and probably develops afterward. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the result of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the pyloric circular muscles fibers.

How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed?

Most cases of pyloric stenosis are diagnosed/confirmed with ultrasound, if available, showing the thickened pylorus and non-passage of gastric contents into the proximal duodenum.

What triggers the pyloric sphincter?

When the duodenum begins to fill, pressure increases and causes the pyloric sphincter to contract and close. Muscular contractions (peristaltic waves) in the duodenum then push food deeper into the intestine. Because the pyloric sphincter is relatively narrow, only small amounts of well-emulsified food can pass through it even…