How does ethylene glycol cause acidosis?
How does ethylene glycol cause acidosis?
Like ethyl alcohol and methanol, ethylene glycol is metabolized by ADH. In this step it forms glycoaldehyde. Through interaction with aldehyde dehydrogenase, ethylene glycol is then metabolized to glycolic acid (GA), which accumulates and can cause a profound metabolic acidosis.
Does antifreeze cause acidosis or alkalosis?
Ethylene glycol is a colorless sweet tasting solvent which is used in antifreeze solutions. It is nontoxic itself but is converted to toxic metabolites in the liver: Glycolic acid (->glycolate anion) is the major contributor to the often severe high anion gap acidosis that develops.
How is ethylene glycol treated?
Traditional treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning consists of sodium bicarbonate, ethanol, and hemodialysis. Fomepizole is a new agent with a specific indication by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning.
What are the effects of ethylene glycol ingestion?
Ethylene glycol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant that produces acute effects similar to those of ethanol. These CNS effects predominate during the first hours after exposure. If undetected or untreated, ethylene glycol ingestion can cause serious or fatal toxicity.
Which is more toxic propylene glycol or ethylene glycology?
After a characteristic latent period, signs of inebriation may be followed by serious illness, and even death, caused by toxic metabolites. Propylene glycol, which is much less toxic than ethylene glycol, is metabolized to compounds that are normal constituents of the citric acid cycle.
When does ethylene glycol cause metabolic acidosis?
If large doses of ethylene glycol are ingested, poisoning is accompanied by metabolic acidosis, with onset occurring within 24 hours after ingestion. This acidosis is caused primarily by the accumulation of glycolic and glyoxylic acids, although oxalic acid and excess lactic acid may be contributing factors.
What do you add to ethylene glycol to prevent poisoning?
In an effort to prevent poisoning, often a bittering agent called denatonium benzoate, known by the trade name Bitrex, is added to ethylene glycol preparations as an adversant to prevent accidental or intentional ingestion.
What are the stages of ethylene glycol poisoning?
Stages of Ethylene Glycol Intoxication. Severe ethylene glycol poisoning may go through three stages: CNS depression, cardiopulmonary toxicity, and renal toxicity (Table 1) ( Friedman , Greenberg et al.
Is ethylene glycol poisonous to humans?
Ethylene glycol has been shown to be toxic to humans and is also toxic to domestic pets such as cats and dogs. A toxic dose requiring medical treatment varies but is considered more than 0.1 mL per kg body weight (mL/kg) of pure substance.
How does ethanol prevent ethylene glycol poisoning?
Ethanol works as an antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol by sticking to those poisons. Once the ethanol is stuck onto the poisons, the kidneys urinate out the poisons. A medicine called fomepizole is also an antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning.
What are the symptoms of glycol poisoning?
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning is toxicological problem caused due to the consumption of ethylene glycol , which is a colorless and fragrance-free chemical found in many products such as detergents, paints, cosmetics, and antifreeze. The major symptoms of the ingestion are convulsions, nausea, or vomiting.