What does the P wave represent?
What does the P wave represent?
The P wave represents the electrical depolarization of the atria. In a healthy person, this originates at the sinoatrial node (SA node) and disperses into both left and right atria.
What is a canon a wave?
Cannon A waves are large-amplitude waves seen in the jugular veins during a physical exam. They are caused by simultaneous contraction of atria and ventricle leading to exaggerated right atrial pressure. Usually, Cannon A waves are irregular and intermittent.
What causes cannon a wave?
A “cannon A wave” occurs when the right atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve causing a large pulsation to occur in the jugular venous pulsation.
What happens in each of the A C v atrial waves?
The a-wave is a pressure increase that is due to atrial contraction at end-diastole. Following the c-wave is the first major descent in the CVP waveform, the x-descent. The x-descent is a drop in atrial pressure during ventricular systole caused by atrial relaxation.
Why does a wave disappear in atrial fibrillation?
A flat baseline is more often seen in long standing atrial fibrillation. The cardiac stroke volume is reduced by 10-20% during atrial fibrillation, as the ‘atrial kick’ is missing and because the heart does not have time to fill at the often higher ventricular rate.
What is the normal JVP value?
6 to 8 cm
The normal mean jugular venous pressure, determined as the vertical distance above the midpoint of the right atrium, is 6 to 8 cm H2O.
Where are the alpha waves in the brain?
Theta waves measure between 4 and 8 Hz. As mentioned, alpha waves fall in the middle of the brain wave spectrum. Your brain produces these waves when you’re not focusing too hard on anything in particular. Whatever you’re doing, you’re probably feeling relatively calm and relaxed.
How does cardiac conduction cause the heart to beat?
Your heart beats as a result of the generation and conduction of electrical impulses. Cardiac conduction is the rate at which the heart conducts electrical impulses. These impulses cause the heart to contract and then relax.
What’s the difference between theta and alpha waves?
They measure between 0.5 and 4 Hz. When you’re sleeping more lightly or when you’re extremely relaxed, your brain may produce more theta waves. Theta waves measure between 4 and 8 Hz. As mentioned, alpha waves fall in the middle of the brain wave spectrum. Your brain produces these waves when you’re not focusing too hard on anything in particular.
What does a missing P wave in the heart mean?
Increased or decreased P waves can indicate problems with the potassium ion concentration in the body that will alter nerve activity. A missing P wave indicates atrial fibrillation, a cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart beats irregularly, preventing efficient ventricular diastole. This is generally not fatal on its own.
What kind of wave is an alpha wave?
Alpha wave. Alpha waves are neural oscillations in the frequency range of 8–12 Hz arising from the synchronous and coherent (in phase or constructive) electrical activity of thalamic pacemaker cells in humans. They are also called Berger’s waves after the founder of EEG.
How does conduction affect the way the heart beats?
Your heart rhythm is the way your heart beats. Conduction is how electrical impulses travel through your heart, which causes it to beat. Some conduction disorders can cause arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats. Three common conduction disorders are:
What do alpha waves do in the brain?
Alpha wave. More recent papers have argued that they inhibit areas of the cortex not in use, or alternatively that they play an active role in network coordination and communication. Occipital alpha waves during periods of eyes closed are the strongest EEG brain signals.
Which is a disorder of the cardiac conduction system?
Also known as Heart Block. A conduction disorder is a problem with the electrical system that makes your heart beat and controls its rate and rhythm. This system is called the cardiac conduction system. Normally, the electrical signal that makes your heart beat travels from the top of your heart to the bottom.